棒球和垒球的规则
Main difference between Baseball and Softball 棒球与垒球的主要区别:
Softball垒球
Baseball棒球
Weight of ball 球重
177-200 g
141.7-148.8 g
Around length of ball 球周长
30.2-30.8 cm
22.9-23.5 cm
Max. length of bat 球棒最长限度
0.864 m
1.07 m
Max. weight of bat 球棒最大重量
1077 g
No prohibition
Distance between base 垒间距离
18.3 m
27.45 m
Distance of homerun 本垒打距离
61 m
91 m
Distance of pitcher 投球距离
12.2 m
18.4 m
Pitcher ’s way 投球方法
Underhand only
No prohibition
Innings 局数
7
9
Pitcher ’s speed 投手投球速度
100-115km/h
140-160km/h
Baseball field
棒球场地
Baseball is played on a level field, which usually covers about 0.8
hectares. The playing area is divided into the infield and the outfield.
Together, these two areas make up fair territory. The rest of the field
is called foul territory. The infield consists of a square-shaped plot called
the diamond. One corner of the diamond is marked by a five-sided piece of
rubber called a home plate. Batters hit the ball from a position on either
side of home plate, depending on their preference. At the three other corners
of the infield—moving counterclockwise from home plate —are first base,
second base, and third base. Each base is marked with a canvas bag. The
pitcher's mound, a slightly raised piece of ground, lies near the center
of the infield, between home plate and second base. A strip of rubber is
nailed to the top of the mound, 18 m from home plate. Pitchers place one
foot on the rubber when they put the ball in play. Base lines run from home
plate to first base and from home plate to third base. Extensions of these
lines, called foul lines, run along the outer edges of the outfield. These
lines divide foul and fair territory. Base lines also extend from first
to second to third base, marking the path of a runner. The region of the
outfield behind first base is called right field, the region behind second
base is called center field, and the region behind third base is called
left field. A fence runs along the farthest limits of the outfield. Two
covered shelters called dugouts are located in foul territory along each
base line. Players occupy the dugouts when they are not on the field. The
baseball field is also designed with a number of markings that indicate
the use of certain regions. Boxes outlined in chalk on each side of home
plate indicate where a batter may stand. Chalk boxes in foul territory near
first and third base define the position of team coaches. Similar regions
limit where pitchers may warm up during the game and where players may prepare
before batting.
棒球比赛在占地0.8 公顷的水平场地上进行。界内地区分内场和外场,这两个
场地组成了界内地区,其余的地方为界外区。内场有一块正方形的地区叫“钻石”。
内场的一角有一块五角形的橡胶,叫本垒板。击球员可随他们的喜好,在本垒的任
一边击球。内场的其它三个角,依逆时针方向分别为一垒、二垒和三垒。每个垒位
都用白色帆布标出。内场中心的投手板在本垒和二垒之间,略微高出场地表面。投
手板上钉有橡胶,距本垒18米。投手在投球时,一脚应踏在投手板上。从本垒画到
一垒和三垒的线为垒线。垒线延长出去的部分,叫做界外线,界外线一直延伸到外
场。这些线划分出界内区和界外区。从一垒画到二垒、三垒的垒线,为跑垒员路线。
一垒后面的外场区域称为右外场,二垒后面的外场区域称为中外场;三垒后面的外
场区域称左外场。在场地周围设有围网。界外区垒线两端有遮棚的地方为场内运动
员的休息区。棒球场还设有一些有特殊用途的区域。本垒两侧画白线的区域为击球
员区。界外区一垒和三垒附近,为教练员区。此外,还有投手准备区和击球员准备
区。
Baseball Team
棒球队的构成
A baseball team fields nine players. On the field, each player is responsible
for a particular position. The pitcher puts the ball into play by throwing
it toward home plate. Each throw is called a pitch. By holding the ball
in special ways and adjusting its spin, pitchers can throw a variety of
pitches. They use these techniques, along with changing the speed of their
throw, to make it more difficult for batters to hit the ball. The catcher
receives the ball and returns it to the pitcher unless the batter hits the
ball. Catchers also defend home plate when a runner tries to score. The
first baseman, second baseman, and third baseman are each stationed at or
near a base. The shortstop stands between second and third base. These players
are responsible for fielding, or handling, the ball when it is hit to the
infield and for putting out runners as they attempt to advance around the
diamond. Three outfielders are stationed individually in right field, center
field, and left field. They are responsible for fielding balls hit to the
outfield.
棒球比赛的场上有9 名队员,每个队员负责一个特定的位置。投手把球投向本
垒标志比赛开始,这一动作叫做投球。投手可通过不同的握球方法和不同的旋转,
投出变幻多端的球。除了这些技巧,投手还可投出变速球,来增加击球员的击球难
度。如果击球员没有击到球,捕手接到球再传给投手。捕手还要阻止跑垒员进垒、
偷垒得分。一垒手、二垒手和三垒手必须在垒垫附近等球。游击手位于二垒和三垒
之间。他们的任务是在内场传球防守并牵制跑垒员。位于右外场、中外场和左外场
的三个外场手负责外场的防守。
More about Baseball
Baseball Field棒球场
在美国俚语也叫Orchard ,而Ballpark指的是有看台的棒球场。棒球场分为内
场infield 和外场outfield两个部分。
Outfield外场:
All area in fair territory beyond the infield and bounded by fences.
There is no strict dividing mark between the infield and the outfield. The
players who cover the three outfield positions: left field, center field
and right field, are called outfielders.
Infield 内场:
The territory including the four bases and that area within it. Also
called the diamond because the infield is shaped like a diamond. The distance
from home to second base is longer than from home to first, home to third,
or first to third. The infield is also the all-inclusive term for the four
infielders: the first baseman, second baseman, third baseman and shorstop.
Foul Lines边线:
The two straight lines, extending from home plate past the outside edges
of first and third bases to the outfield fence, which define fair territory.
Home Plate本垒板:
The five-sided slab of whitened rubber, 17 inches wide, which the batter
stands beside to hit the pitch.
Base垒:
The bases are located on the infield diamond. First, second and third
base are marked by white canvas bags, 15 inches square, not less than 3
or more than 5 inches thick, filled with soft material, and securely attached
to the ground. They differ from home base, which is five sided slab of whitened
rubber. It is 17 inches square with two of the corners removed so that one
edge is 17 inches long, two are 8 1/2 inches, and two are 12 inches. It
is set in the ground so that the 17-inch edge faces the pitcher's plate.
All bases, including home base, are in fair territory, and are 90 feet
apart in the counterclockwise order in which they are to be run.
home base 本垒,first base一垒,second base 二垒,third base三垒
Baseline垒线:
The direct line between each base, along which the baserunner must generally
run.
Pitching Mound投手区土墩:
The pitcher's mound is located near the middle of the diamond with its
pitching rubber. This is where the defense teams' pitcher positions himself
to deliver the ball (pitch) and try to get out the opposing batter.
Pitcher's Rubber投手板:
A rectangular slab of white rubber 24 inches long and 6 inches wide
set in the ground on the pitcher's mound. The pitcher must have his foot
on a part of the rubber when he starts his delivery.
Catcher's Box 接手区:
Area within which the catcher shall stand until the pitcher delivers
the ball.
Batter's Box击球区:
A rectangular area beside home plate where a batter stands to hit the
pitch. It is a six feet long and four feet wide rectangle, and the batter
must keep both feet in the box at all times when he is hitting.
Waiting Box 准备击球区:
They are two circles, one for each team located half way from the batting
box and the dugout, where the hitter who is next in the batting order gets
ready for his turn at bat.
Coaching Box 跑垒指导员区:
They are the two marked areas of the field reserved for the coaches
who during the offensive phase direct the offensive strategies to the hitter
and the runner.
Bullpen 候补队员区:
Area next to the playing field, usually alongside the foul lines, where
relief pitchers and other substitutes warm up.
Dugout or Bench 球员席位:
Seating facilities reserved for players, substitutes and other team
members in uniform when they are not actively engaged on the playing field.
Manager 主教练:
Person appointed by the club to be responsible for the team's actions
on the field, and to represent the team in communications with the umpire
and the opposing team. A player may be appointed manager.
Coach 教练员:
Team member in uniform appointed by the manager to perform such duties
as the manager may designate, such as but not limited to acting as base
coach.
Home Team 主队或后攻队:
Team on whose grounds the game is played, or if the game is played on
neutral grounds, the home team shall be designated by mutual agreement.
1B = First Base
2B = Second Base
3B = Third Base
C = Catcher
DH = Designated Hitter
OF = Outfielder
P = Pitcher
SS = Shortstop
Defense (Or Defensive) 守队或守队队员:
Team, or any player of the team, in the field.
Fielder 守场员:
Any defensive player.
Pitcher (or “hurler”) 投手:
Fielder designated to deliver the pitch to the batter. The pitcher is
the player who starts the defensive action by pitching with the objective
to retire the opposing batter. The pitcher positions himself on the mound,
near the center of the diamond and delivers the ball keeping one foot in
contact with the pitcher's plate until the ball has been released. The target
of his pitch shall be the strike zone. The area which upper limit is a horizontal
line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the
uniform pants and the lower level is a horizontal line at the top of the
kneecap.
Catcher 接手:
Plays in a crouched position directly behind home plate and catches
the baseball thrown by the pitcher. Along with the pitcher, he decides which
pitches should be thrown to each batter.
Battery 投接搭档:
Pitcher and catcher.
Infielder 内场手:
Fielder who occupies a position in the infield.
First Baseman 一垒手:
Positioned next to the bag at first. He fields the baseball when it
is hit down the first base foul line and also covers the base on “force
plays.”
Second Baseman二垒手:
Plays in the gap between second base and the first baseman. He fields
the “grounders ” and “pop-ups ” hit to this part of the infield, covers
plays to second, and relays throws from the outfielders.
Shortstop 游击手:
Stands between second and third base and fields balls hit to this side
of the infield. He is often involved in force plays and “double plays”
with the second baseman.
Third Baseman 三垒手:
Plays just to the left of third base. He covers third when runners approach
and is responsible for fielding balls hit down the third base foul line.
Outfielder外场手:
These three players catch the “fly balls ” and field the base hits
that go through the infield. They need to have strong throwing arms to get
the baseball back into the infield to prevent runners from advancing along
the bases.
left outfielder 左外,center outfielder 中外,right outfielder右外。
Offense or Offensive攻队或攻队队员:
Team, or any player of the team, at bat.
Batter击球员:
Offensive player who takes his position in the batter's box.
Batter Runner 击跑员:
Term that identifies the offensive player who has just finished his
time at bat until he is put out or until the play on which he became a runner
ends.
Runner跑垒员:
Offensive player who is advancing toward, or touching, or returning
to any base.
Base Coach跑垒指导员:
Team member in uniform who is stationed in the coach's box at first
or third base to direct the batter and the runners.
Designated Hitter (投手)代打:
A rule adopted by the American League in 1973 which allows each team
to appoint a hitter to substitute at bat for pitcher. That hitter need not
play in the field, but he may take a regular turn at bat in place of the
pitcher, in any position in the batting order the manager chooses to insert
him.
Pinch Hitter代打:
One batter substituted for another, so called because he is usually
used in a pinch-when there are runners on base late in the game and a hit
is needed.
Pinch Runner替跑:
A runner who substitutes for a teammate who has already reached a base;
the original runner is out of the game from that time on. A pinch runner
is used because he is faster than the man on base.
Relief Pitcher救援投手:
A substitute pitcher who replaces the starting pitcher or another relief
pitcher.
Rules of Baseball (1)
棒球的规则
Throughout the game, play revolves around the action between the pitcher
and the batter. The pitcher has the first opportunity to put the batter
out. Pitchers throw the ball to the batter, usually attempting to pass it
through the strike zone, an area directly over home plate and roughly between
the batter's armpits and knees. Pitches thrown into this area that the batter
does not hit are called strikes. Strikes also include (1) pitches that the
batter swings at but does not hit and (2) the first two times that a batter
hits the ball into foul territory. After three strikes, a batter is out.
Pitches outside of the strike zone that the batter does not swing at are
called balls. If a pitcher throws four balls, the batter proceeds to first
base. This is called a base on balls or a walk. An umpire determines whether
pitches are strikes or balls. Batters who reach base safely are referred
to as base runners. Base runners can proceed to the next base when a subsequent
batter hits the ball. If a batted ball is caught on a fly, the runner may
advance, but may only leave the current base after the catch is made. Subsequent
batters sometimes sacrifice their chance for getting a base hit in order
to advance the runner. One way to do this is to hit a sacrifice fly ball.
Another way is to bunt—that is, simply hold the bat out toward a pitch
rather than swing the bat, so that when the ball is hit, it rolls slowly
toward the infield. Ordinarily, in a sacrifice, the batter is put out, and
the runner reaches the next base safely. Runners also may advance by stealing
a base. They may steal only under certain circumstances, such as when the
pitcher is delivering a pitch or when the catcher drops the ball. To prevent
steals, fielders must tag the runners by touching them
with the ball. If the batter hits the ball, fielders have opportunities
to prevent the batter from reaching a base safely, known as putting the
batter out. For example, a batter is ruled out if a fielder catches a batted
ball before it hits the ground, in foul or fair territory. A batter is also
out if a fielder holding the ball tags the batter or tags first base before
the batter can reach it. Fielders often retrieve the ball from where it
is hit and throw it to the player covering first base, who tags the base.
If the batter reaches first base safely, however, fielders have additional
opportunities to put players out and prevent a run. If a runner occupies
a base to which a subsequent batter or runner must advance, runners are
forced to move to the next base. In a force, fielders can put the runner
out by tagging the base before the runner reaches it. If there is no force
—that is, if there is no runner approaching from the preceding base—fielders
must tag the runner out.
棒球比赛是围绕投手和击球员进行的。投手是第一个有机会让击球员出局的球
员。投手把球投向击球员,让球从好球区通过,“好球区”就是在本垒板正上方,
在击球员的腋部和膝部之间的部位。如果击球员没有击中投在此区域的球,叫做
“击”,或者叫好球。如果击球员挥棒但没有击中球;或者在两击之前把球击出界
外,也叫好球。三击不中,击球员即被判出局。投到好球区以外的球,击球员没有
击中,则叫“球”或者叫坏球。如果投手投了4 个坏球,击球员进至一垒,叫做保
送。裁判宣判投球为击或球。安全进垒的击球员就成为跑垒员。后位击球员击中球
后,跑垒员就可跑垒。如果击中的球被接住,跑垒员可以跑垒,但只能在球被接住
后才能离垒。有时后位击球员可以制造牺牲打,让跑垒员进垒。击球员可击打高飞
的牺牲打,还可以打触击打,即用球棒挡击球,而不是挥棒击球,使球向内场缓慢
滚动。一般在牺牲打中,击球员会被触杀出局,而跑垒员则可安全进垒。跑垒员还
能偷垒。但只有特定情况才能偷垒:比如在投手投球时或在接球员没接到投球时。
为阻止偷垒,守场员必须用球触击跑垒员。即使击球员击中球,守场员仍有机会阻
止击球员安全上垒,即把击球员杀出局。比如,击出的高飞球在落地前被守场员接
住,击球员即被接杀出局。如果持球的守场员触及击球员或者在击球员进至一垒前
触垒,击球员也被触杀出局。守场员接到被击出的球,传给在一垒防守的球员,使
其触垒。如果击球员安全进至一垒,守场员还是有机会阻止跑垒,把球员触杀出局。
如果一个跑垒员进垒,那么后位击球员或其他跑垒员也必须被迫上垒。在被迫上垒
时,守场员可在跑垒员进垒时触垒,将跑垒员触杀出局。如果没有被迫上垒,守场
员必须把跑垒员触杀出局。
More about Baseball
Pitch 投球:
A pitch is a ball delivered to the batter by the pitcher. All other
deliveries of the ball by one player to another are thrown balls.
Strike zone 好球区
The area over home plate between the batter's armpits and the top of
his knees, where a pitch is called a strike even if he does not swing the
bat.
Ball坏球
A pitch outside the strike zone that the batter does not try to hit.
Set Position侧身投球
One of the two legal pitching positions.
Wind Up Position正面投球
One of the two legal pitching positions.
Fast Ball 快球
Curve Ball曲线球
Slider外侧旋转球
Screwball 内曲线球
Change-up 慢球
Forkball下坠球
Knuckle Ball不旋转球
Wild Pitch暴投:
A wild pitch is one so high, so low, or so wide of the plate that it
cannot be handled with ordinary effort by the catcher.
Out 出局:
The objective for teams playing in the field is to get three players
on the batting team out.
A batter is out when 1) he hits a ball, fair or foul, that is caught
by a fielder before it touches the ground, 2) he is tagged, or first base
is touched by a fielder holding the ball before the batter gets there, or
3) he strikes out.
A base runner is out when 1) he is between bases and is tagged by a
fielder holding the ball or 2) he is forced out.
Strikeout 三击不中出局(投杀出局、三振出局):
The pitcher delivers three strikes preventing the batter from hitting
the ball.
Fly out 接杀出局:
There is fly out any time a defensive player catches an opponents batted
ball before it touches the ground. The batter is out. This catch can be
performed in any area of the field, also in foul territory.
The runners who are on the bases may try to advance to the next base
only after the ball has touched the glove of the defensive player who catches
it.
Force out 封杀出局:
The pitcher delivers his pitch. The batter, once having hit the ball
is obliged to advance to first base. Then the defensive team may record
a force out: by picking up the ball and throwing it to the first baseman
(who must touch base) before the batter touches the base:
SAFE
OUT
An out made when a baserunner, forced to run because another team-mate
must run to the base he is occupying, cannot make the next base safely.
Tag out 触杀:
When a fielder holding the ball touches a runner while he is off base
or the actual base while ball is 'live'.
A tag is the action of a fielder in touching a base with his body while
holding the ball securely and firmly in his hand or glove; or touching a
runner with the ball, or with his hand or glove holding the ball, while
holding the ball securely and firmly in his hand or glove.
Double Play 双杀:
Double Play is an action in which the defensive team succeeds to make
2 outs in the course of a same play.
Triple play 三杀:
Triple Play is an action in which the defensive team succeeds to put
3 outs in the course of a same play. It is a very difficult play and therefore
it seldom happens.
Pick Off(投手)牵制跑垒员的传球
The Pick Off is a defensive play which aims to refrain the runners on
the bases from gaining too much ground. The defensive team tries to catch
the opposing runner off a base and perform a TAG out.
In the action of a Pick Off, the pitcher throws the ball to first base,
instead of throwing it towards the hitter, attempting to surprise the runner.
The first baseman tries to tag the runner while he is not in contact with
the base.
A good pick off motion is essential to the success of a pitcher, and
therefore many work hard at perfecting their throw to first.
Safe安全:
Declaration by the umpire that a runner is entitled to the base for
which he was trying.
Strike击打:
1. A pitch judged by the umpire to have passed over home plate between
the batter's armpits and the top of his knees. 2. A pitch that the batter
fails to hit when he swings. 3. A foul ball when the batter has fewer than
two strikes against him.
Line drive平直球:
A ball hit sharply in a straight line roughly parallel to the ground.
Foul tip擦棒球:
A ball that barely touches the bat before continuing to the catcher.
Fly ball腾空球:
A ball hit in the air to the outfield.
Bunt触击球:
An attempt by the batter to tap the ball instead of swinging at it.
Fair ball or Foul ball界内球、界外球:
Fair Territory界内区域:
That part of the playing field within, and including the first base
and third base lines, from home base to the bottom of the playing field
fence and perpendicularly upwards. All foul lines are in fair territory
Foul Territory界外区域:
A part of the playing field outside the first and third base lines extended
to the fence and perpendicularly upwards.
Batter: Fair Or Foul Ball?
内场看止点,外场看落点。
Home plate is in fair territory and is treated like the ground. There
is nothing special about it. There is nothing special about the pitcher's
rubber. It is part of the ground. If a ball hits it and bounces foul before
passing first or third it is a foul ball. Home plate and all the bases are
in fair territory. Any batted ball that touches first, second or third is
a fair ball. A ball that settles on home plate is a fair ball. A ball that
hits home plate first is NOT a FOUL ball.
Two different criteria apply to judging fair or foul balls:
Balls that FIRST touch the ground or a player in the OUTFIELD and
Balls that FIRST touch the ground or a player in the INFIELD
fair
foul
Base hit
安打
If a batter gets on base by hitting the ball so that fielders cannot
successfully field it, the batter has recorded a base hit. On a base hit,
the runner tries to advance as many bases as possible without being put
out. A base hit in which a batter gets to first base is called a single;
one in which the batter gets to second base is called a double; and one
in which the batter gets to third base is called a triple. Batters can reach
first base in several ways, in addition to base hits and walks. The most
common are (1) when the batter is hit by a pitched ball; (2) when a fielder
mishandles a ball hit in fair territory and the batter reaches base safely
as a result of the fielding mistake, known as an error; (3) when the catcher
interferes with the batter's attempt to swing at the pitch; and (4) when
the catcher drops a third strike and the batter reaches first base before
a fielder tags the base or the batter. If fielders put two runners out in
one play, it is called a double play. As the runner tries to advance from
first base to second base, an infielder gets the ball, steps on second base
to force out the base runner, and quickly throws the ball to the player
covering first base to put out the batter. A runner scores by successfully
moving around all the bases and crossing home plate without being put out.
Scoring is usually the result of a combination of base hits, walks, or sacrifices;
skillful baserunning; or errors by the defensive team. Sometimes the batter
circles the bases on one hit. This is known as a home run. A batter usually
scores a home run by hitting the ball over the outfield fence. On rare occasions,
however, the batter may round all four bases without hitting the ball over
the fence. This play is known as an inside-the-park home run. If there are
base runners at the time the home run is hit, those players also round the
bases and score. If there are base runners on all three bases when the batter
hits a home run, the team at bat scores four runs, and the play is called
a grand slam.
如果击球员击中球后进垒,并且外场手不能有效地防守,称为安打。在安打后,
要尽量在宣布出局前奔跑上垒。安打后击球员进至一垒叫作一垒打;击球员进至二
垒叫作二垒打;进至三垒叫三垒打。击球员除了安打和自由上垒外,还有几种进垒
方式。如投手将球击中击球员;守场员失误,捕手触到击球员的球棒,在三击之前,
击球员在守场员触垒或触杀击球员之前进至一垒等。如果守场员在比赛中同时将两
名跑垒员杀出局,则称为双杀。在跑垒员试图从一垒进至二垒时,内场手接到球,
触二垒封杀跑垒员,并把球传给一垒防守球员,触杀击球员出局。跑垒员安全通过
全部垒位,并在宣判出局前返回本垒,就可得分。只有结合安打,自由上垒、牺牲
打;熟练的跑垒;以及对方的防守失误等因素才能得分。有时击球员可以一击打出
本垒打,安全返回本垒。本垒打的球大多是打到外场围栏以外的高飞球。也有极少
数情况,击球员没把球打到围栏以外就安全跑回本垒,叫作场内本垒打。如果本垒
打时其他垒位上有跑垒员,其他球员也可以上垒得分。如果在满垒时击出本垒打,
攻方可得4 分,叫作满贯全垒打。
More about Baseball
Batting Order 击球员上场顺序:
Order in which a team must come to bat. Also called the lineup. If a
player bats out of turn, deliberately or otherwise, he is out, provided
the team in the field realizes the error and appeals to the umpire immediately
after the illegal batter has finished his time at bat. The only way the
batting order can be changed is the use of a substitute batter (one not
already in the game). Once a player has been substituted for, he is no longer
permitted to re-enter in the game.
Base hit安打:
Single一垒打:
Base hit on which only first base is legally and safely reached.
Double二垒打:
A two base hit. Also called a two bagger.
Triple三垒打:
A hit that allows a batter to reach third base.
Home run本垒打:
Also known as a homer , a hit by a batter, which usually goes over
the outfield fence, that enables him to run around all the bases safely.
Run Batted In 打点:
Also known as RBI. Credit given to a batter for each run that scores
when he makes a safe hit, is retired by an infield or outfield putout, or
when a run is forced in because he becomes a base runner.
Grand slam满贯本垒打:
A home run with a baserunner on each base, scoring four runs.
Walk自由上垒:
An automatic advance to first base for the batter after the pitcher
throws four balls. Also called “Base on Balls ”.
Hit by Pitch击中击球员:
If a ball delivered by a pitcher hits the batter, in spite of his attempt
to avoid being hit, it is a Hit by Pitch and the batter is entitled to first
base.
Sacrifice 牺牲打:
Play in which the batter is out but is not charged with an official
time at bat because he has succeeded in moving a teammate along on the bases
at the expense of his turn at bat, whether intentionally or not. There are
two types of sacrifices: the sacrifice bunt and the sacrifice fly.
Drag Bunt 触击:
Bunt pulled down the first base line by a left handed hitter. A bunt
in the same direction by a right handed hitter is a push bunt. The drag
bunt is used mostly by fast runners.
Slide 滑垒:
In order to make a smaller target for the fielder to tag and to make
sure not to overrun the base, a runner going into a base will often slide.
Stolen Base 偷垒:
The act of a runner gaining a base without the help of a hit, an error
or a walk. Occurs when the pitched ball is on its way to the batter.
Squeeze Play抢分触击:
The Squeeze Play is performed with a runner on third base and less than
two outs. The batter bunts the pitcher's pitch to the ground in order to
allow the runner to reach home plate safely.
The defensive team tries to pick up the ball and throw it to the catcher
who defends home plate.
SAFETY SQUEEZE: the runner on third base runs to home after seeing the
ball bunted to the ground.
SUICIDE SQUEEZE: the runner on third base runs to home when the pitcher
begins to deliver the pitch.
KEY WORDS 重点词汇
infield
内场
outfield
外场
base
垒位
first base
一垒
second base
二垒
third base
三垒
inning
局
pitcher
投手
batter
击球员
catcher
捕手
runner
跑垒员
fielder
外场手
strike zone
好球区
strike
好球/ 击
ball
坏球/ 球
save
安全上垒
walk
保送
single
一垒打
double
二垒打
triple
三垒打
strike out
三击出局
tag
触杀
force
封杀
home run
本垒打
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